[141], When federal officials received reports of widespread and systematic obstruction of federal officials in Utah (most notably judges), U.S. President James Buchanan decided in early 1857 to install a non-Mormon governor. These included a wagon express company, a ferryboat company, a railroad and the manufacturing of processed lumber, wool, sugar beets, iron, and liquor. In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. Church historians. Young's father was a farmer, and when Young was three years old his family moved to upstate New York, settling in Chenango County. 20, No. He was replaced as governor the following year by Alfred Cumming. Crews are continuing cleanup of the area where hazardous materials including vinyl chloride, ethyl acrylate and isobutylene may have . 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed. The family moved to Vermont shortly before Brigham Young was born. [24] Lee was executed by firing squad at Mountain Meadows on March 23, 1877. Conditions Governing Use An estimated 5,000 members were endowed between December 10, 1845 and February 1846. Did Brigham Young Approve the Attack? During the 30 years between the Mormons' arrival in Utah in 1847 and [his death in] 1877, Young directed the founding of 350 towns in the Southwest. Through most of the nineteenth century, the American West was considered the land of opportunity. Brigham Young wasn't the only latter-day prophet to have such close experiences with death. Buchanan later pardoned Young. What are the advantages and disadvantages of video capture hardware? After marrying Abigail, John Young settled in Massachusetts. Brigham Young clearly wasn't free of his ex-wife just yet. A bronze marker was placed at the grave site June 10, 1938, by members of the Young Men and Young Women organizations, which he founded. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? Brigham Young (/ b r m /; June 1, 1801 - August 29, 1877) was an American religious leader and politician. [98], In 1856, Young organized an efficient mail service known as the Brigham Young Express and Carrying Company, which transported mail and passengers between Missouri and California. [61] Many of Young's followers stated in reminiscent accounts (the earliest in 1850 and the latest in 1920) that when Young spoke to the congregation, he looked or sounded exactly like Smith, which they attributed to the power of God. Brigham Young at Home is a valuable addition to the history of the home life of pioneer days. Young argued that the church needed more than a spokesman, and that the Twelve Apostles, not Rigdon, had the keys, powers, and "the fulness of the Priesthood," referring to the second anointing. In such a framework, the message to "not interfere" would be subordinate to the main message: let nothing stand in the way of the Mormon-Paiute alliance. [66] Young led the church as president of the Quorum of the Twelve until December 5, 1847, when the quorum unanimously agreed to organize a new First Presidency with Young as president of the church. Young's message of reply to Haight, dated September 10, 1857, read: In regard to emigration trains passing through our settlements, we must not interfere with them until they are first notified to keep away. [52] Young travelled east with Wilford Woodruff and George A. Smith from July to October 1843 on a mission to raise funds for the Nauvoo temple and its guesthouse. In 1849, Young arranged for a printing press to be brought to the Salt Lake Valley, which was later used to print the Deseret News periodical. On this mission he visited the family of his aunt, Rhoda Howe Richards. It later became known as the Young Ladies Mutual Improvement Association, and was a charter member of the National Council of Women and International Council of Women. [130] Young taught that the day would come when black men would again have the priesthood, saying that after "all the other children of Adam have the privilege of receiving the Priesthood, and of coming into the kingdom of God, and of being redeemed from the four-quarters of the earth, and have received their resurrection from the dead, then it will be time enough to remove the curse from Cain and his posterity. This colored race have been subjected to severe curses which they have brought upon themselves. Brigham Young and William Smith discredited Brotherton's character, and Brotherton herself did not associate with the church afterwards. 1,204,523 People also liked He also worked on the Kirtland Temple and went to a grammar school. Young, Brigham Born June 1, 1801 Whitingham, Vermont Died August 29, 1877 Salt Lake City, Utah Religious leader Mormon leader Brigham Young led his followers on a trek across the American plains to the Great Salt Lake Valley in present-day Utah. [12] In 1828, the family moved briefly to Oswego, New York on the shore of Lake Ontario, and in 1828 to Mendon, New York. They were from Arkansas." Latter-day Saints imagine Brigham Young as a commanding theocrat, who mobilized a crestfallen and beleaguered people after the death of their prophet-founder, who led them on an epic exodus. There are no other trains going south that I know of[.] From another planet, Adam brought Eve, one of his wives, with him to the earth, where they became mortal by eating the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil. Haight. One of the comments on this movie was that Joseph Smith had appointed his son, Joseph Smith Jr., to be the next prophet which has been a topic of debate since the death of Joseph Smith. Brooks has argued the massacre was an overreaction by Mormon militia forces which resulted in the death of settlers and the tarnishing of the Church's reputation. "[9], Young married Miriam Angeline Works, whom he had met in Port Byron in October 1824. James H. Haslam, interview by S. A. Kenner, reported by Josiah Rogerson, 4 December 1884, typescript, 11, in Josiah Rogerson, Transcripts and Notes of John D. Lee Trials, LDS Church Archives. [87] During his time as governor, Young directed the establishment of settlements throughout present-day Utah, Idaho, Arizona, Nevada, California and parts of southern Colorado and northern Mexico. Miller was arrested, but released when it was discovered he was not Brigham Young. [12], However, by the time that the express rider delivered Young's letter to Haight, the massacre at Mountain Meadows had already taken place. [7] Young moved to Auburn, New York where he was an apprentice to John C. Jeffries. At the north end of the Beehive House was a family store, at which Young's wives and children had running accounts and could buy what they needed. The incident occurred late Saturday afternoon at . [23] Young continued to preach in eastern Canada in the spring, and accompanied two Canadian converts to Kirtland in July 1833. Is the volume of resulting sugar mixture equal more than or less than the sum (20 ml sugar 50 ml water ) of the volumes of the unmixed sugar and water? "[113] Young believed that sexual desire was given by God to ensure the perpetuation of humankind, and believed sex should be confined to marriage. If the white man who belongs to the chosen seed mixes his blood with the seed of Cain, the penalty, under the law of God, is death on the spot. There was even a petition created asking for Brigham Young . TAMPA, Fla. Acting as his own lawyer, a double-murder defendant opened his death penalty trial by shouting at jurors that he did not attack his girlfriend and disabled daughter. Brigham Young, (born June 1, 1801, Whitingham, Vermont, U.S.died August 29, 1877, Salt Lake City, Utah), American religious leader, second president of the Mormon church, and colonizer who significantly influenced the development of the American West. [48][49][50] Young was one of the first men in Nauvoo to practice polygamy, and he married more women than any other polygamist while in Nauvoo. In the story line, the organ built and guided west to Salt Lake City by Joseph Harris Ridges (18271914) of Australia becomes mired in the sand. Oct 2019 - Apr 20211 year 7 months. Arthur Conan Doyle based his first Sherlock Holmes novel, A Study in Scarlet, on Mormon history, mentioning Young by name. Mrs. Lawton was the second of the ten Alexander children, of whom the sixth was the late Gen. Edward Porter Alexander, chief of artillery, Longstreet's Corps, C. S. A., president . [14], In Blood of the Prophets, Mormon historian William Bagley echoes David White's conclusion that the letter does not absolve Young of any wrongdoing. [20] There, Young saw Alpheus Gifford speak in tongues, and in response Young also spoke in tongues. [35][27] In August 1837, Young went on another mission to the eastern states. He married single women and widows. Which is greater 36 yards 2 feet and 114 feet 2 inch? Materials are in English. [51] While in Nauvoo, he married Clarissa Decker, Clarissa Ross, Emily Dow Partidge, Louisa Beaman, Margaret Maria Alley, Emmeline Free, Margaret Piece, and Zina Diantha Huntington. [147], Before his death in Salt Lake City on August 29, 1877,[148] Young was suffering from cholera morbus and inflammation of the bowels. [182] Some of Young's descendants have become leaders in the LDS Church, as well as prominent political and cultural figures. Brigham Young ( / brm /; June 1, 1801 - August 29, 1877) was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and a settler of the Western United States. His sisters were: Nancy Young Kent Fanny Young Murray Rhoda Young Green Nabby Young (who died young) Susannah Young Little Louisa. [15] Sometime in 1830, Young was introduced to the Book of Mormon by way of a copy that his brother, Phineas Howe, had obtained from Samuel H. Smith. A key element of the teachings of this group in Young's eyes was their practicing of spiritual gifts like speaking in tongues and prophecy. Young organized the journey that would take the Mormon pioneers to Winter Quarters, Nebraska, in 1846, before continuing on to the Salt Lake Valley. Chris Evans, Mark Ruffalo and More Avengers Praise Little Boy Who Saved Sister in Dog Attack. The Indians we expect will do as they please but you should try and preserve good feelings with them. [73] By the time Young arrived at the final destination, it had come under American control as a result of war with Mexico, although U.S. sovereignty would not be confirmed until 1848. 19" was nothing short of a bombshell. On many occasions, Young taught that blacks were denied the priesthood because they were "the seed of Cain. [154] In 1873, he announced that he would step down as president of the Deseret National Bank and of ZCMI, as well as from his role as trustee-in-trust for the church. There he showed a talent for organizing the church's work and maintaining good relationships with Joseph Smith and the other apostles. The alleged rape came in the context of the bloody Mormon War of 1838, which saw the massacre of eighteen unsuspecting Mormon men and boys during an attack on a settlement by Missouri non-Mormons . He was the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), from 1847 until his death in 1877. After the exterior was completed on December 10, 1845, members received their temple endowments day and night, and Young officiated many of these sessions. As governor, Young had promised the federal government he would protect migrants passing through Utah Territory, but over 120 men, women and children were killed in this incident. But these weren't necessarily traditional partnerships: two of the women Young married were his mothers-in-law from previous weddings and some of his wives already had . [143] Young eventually reached a settlement with the aid of a peace commission and agreed to step down as governor. "[189], Mark Twain devoted a chapter and much of two appendices to Young in Roughing It. Brigham Young: Directed by Henry Hathaway. He also helped organize the local forensic and oratorical society. John Lyon: the life of a pioneer poet. [134], During 1856 and 1857, a period of renewed emphasis on spirituality within the church known as the Mormon Reformation took place under Young's direction. [112] In 1853, Young made the church's first official statement on the subject since the church had arrived in Utah. He refused to sign a temperance pledge, however, stating that "if I sign the temperance pledge I feel that I am bound, and I wish to do just right, without being bound to do it; I want my liberty. [91] It was established on February 28, 1850, as the University of Deseret; its name was eventually changed to the University of Utah. A church conference held in Iowa sustained Young and his First Presidency on December 27, 1847. If the circumstances of his life had worked out differently [he] might have become a captain of industryan Andrew Carnegie or John D. Rockefeller or a railroad builder. [40][41] Young also served in various leadership and community organization roles among church members in Nauvoo. [19] In April 1832, a branch of the church was organized in Mendon; eight of the fifteen families were Youngs. Just four days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, Young designated the location for the Salt Lake Temple; he presided over its groundbreaking years later on April 6, 1853. You must not meddle with them. Robert Walker. In the 1995 film The Avenging Angel, the role of Young was played by Charlton Heston. Ronald K. Esplin, a Young biographer and president of the Brigham Young Center Foundation, points to the leader's remarks suggesting he may have had some kind of divine communication on that matter. [11] Their daughter, Elizabeth, was born on September 26, 1825. Young stated that upon being taught about plural marriage by Joseph Smith: "It was the first time in my life that I desired the grave. According to historian William P. MacKinnon, "After the war, Buchanan implied that face-to-face communications with Brigham Young might have averted the Utah War, and Young argued that a northsouth telegraph line in Utah could have prevented the Mountain Meadows Massacre."[6]. The status of four was unknown. As governor and church president, Young directed both religious and economic matters. The U.S. posted bounties of $500 each for the capture of Haight, Higbee, and Stewart, and prosecutors chose not to pursue their cases against Dame, Willden, and Adair. [177] A few of his wives served in administrative positions in the church, such as Zina Huntington and Eliza R. Snow. [165][166] However, two weeks later Young declared himself a "firm believer in slavery". Trumpeter Keyon . [60] The majority in attendance voted that the Quorum of the Twelve was to lead the church. Brigham Young was the second president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, from 1847 until his death in 1877. During the period just before the massacre, known as the Mormon Reformation, Mormon teachings were dramatic and strident. [27][28], At a conference on February 14, 1835, Brigham Young was named and ordained a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. "[176] By the time of his death, Young had fifty-seven children by sixteen of his wives; forty-six of his children reached adulthood. The Center also supported student training for life-long temple and family history service. [83][84] Young and his counselors were again sustained unanimously by church members at a church conference in Salt Lake City in September 1850.[85]. ", invoking the name of the late Joseph Smith Jr, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. . Prosecutors in New York City are investigating an incident in which a jazz musician said his 14-year-old son was attacked by a woman who falsely accused him of taking her iPhone. Young did not immediately accept the divine claims of the Book of Mormon. According to Young, he was taught by Smith that Adam is "our Father and our God, and the only God with whom we have to do". Historians have come to different conclusions on whether contemporary records support this "transfiguration of Brigham Young" (also sometimes called the "mantle phenomenon") as an authentic experience, whatever its causation. [93] These individuals later became known as the Runaway Officials of 1851. The majority of Young's teachings are contained in the 19 volumes of transcribed and edited sermons in the Journal of Discourses. Young believed that Lee's punishment was just but not a sufficient blood atonement, given the enormity of the crime, to allow Lee entrance into the celestial kingdom. He also married in Nauvoo, but did not have children with: Augusta Adams Cobb, Susannah Snively, Eliza Bowker, Ellen A. Rockwood, and Namah K. J. [81], After three years of leading the church as the President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Young reorganized a new First Presidency and was sustained as the second president of the church on December 27, 1847 at Winter Quarters. [151] He is buried on the grounds of the Mormon Pioneer Memorial Monument in the heart of Salt Lake City. Here he became acquainted with Mary Ann Angell, a convert to the faith from Rhode Island, and the two were married in February 1834 and obtained a marriage certificate on March 31, 1834. The young woman to become his wife was Sarah Hillhouse Alexander, daughter of Adam Leopold Alex ander, of Washington, Georgia and of Sarah Hillhouse Gilbert, his wife. Questions to be propounded to Brigham Young on his examination as a witness in the case of John D. Lee and others, on trial at Beaver City, this 30th day of July, 1875, and the answers of Brigham . [3] Young's use of inflammatory and violent language[4] in response to a federal expedition to the territory (known as the Utah War) added to the tense atmosphere at the time of the attack. [159][160] Young was dubbed by his followers the "Lion of the Lord" for his bold personality and commonly was called "Brother Brigham" by Latter-day Saints. [138] It was during this period that the controversial doctrine of blood atonement was occasionally preached by Young, though it was repudiated in 1889 and never practiced by members of the church. While there, Young's father remarried to a widow named Hannah Brown, and sent Young off to learn a trade. Provo, UT 84602, USA 801 . During time as prophet and governor, Young encouraged each bishop to establish a grade school for his congregation, which would be supported by volunteer work and tithing payments. Source: Jeffery Ogden Johnson, "Determining and Defining `Wife': The . [45][46] Young campaigned against Bennett's allegations that Joseph Smith practiced "spiritual wifery"; Young knew of Smith's hidden practice of polygamy. Some Latter Day Saint denominations, such as the Community of Christ, consider Young the "Father of Mormon Polygamy". Wikimedia Commons. [4], Young was born on June 1, 1801, in Whitingham, Vermont. [79] Young spent just over a month in the Valley recovering from mountain fever before returning to Winter Quarters on August 31. [47] Young married Lucy Ann Decker in June 1842, making her his first plural wife. John Turner's biography states: "it remains unclear whether Young [] had sanctioned the bogus-making operation. According to Young, the matter was beyond his personal control, and was divinely determined rather than historically or personally as many assumed. Provo, Utah CNN . [99] In 1858, following the events of the Utah War, he stepped down to his gubernatorial successor, Alfred Cumming.[100]. [33] He oversaw the finishing of the Kirtland temple and spoke in tongues at its dedication in 1836. [118], Young also taught the doctrine of blood atonement, in which the atonement of Jesus cannot redeem an eternal sin, which included apostasy, theft, fornication (but not sodomy), or adultery. [109] During his tenure, Young oversaw construction of the Salt Lake Tabernacle and announced plans to build the St. George (1871), Manti (1875), and Logan (1877) temples. God has shown me that this is the spot to locate his people, and here is where they will prosper. Dates. Memorials to Young include a bronze statue in front of the Abraham O. Smoot Administration Building, Brigham Young University; a marble statue in the National Statuary Hall Collection at the United States Capitol, donated by the State of Utah in 1950;[162] and a statue atop the This is the Place Monument in Salt Lake City. Young was played by Dean Jagger in the 1940 film Brigham Young. Joseph! Haight and Dame were also the senior regional military leaders of the Mormon militia. [129], Throughout his time as prophet, Young went to great lengths to deny the assumption that he was the author of the practice of priesthood denial to black men, asserting instead that the Lord was. No stranger to controversy in his lifetime, early Latter-day Saint leader Brigham Young is generating a little more mystery and contention these days from his graveyard. Never a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. GILBERT, Ariz. (KPHO/Gray News) - A family in Arizona says their child was attacked by an out-of-control dog at an area park last week. Byron Morrow played Young in a cameo appearance in the Death Valley Days 1966 episode "An Organ for Brother Brigham". Reared in the famous Beehive House, Mrs. Spencer has carried with her through life the patient, loving influence of her parents. In his will, Young shared his estate with the sixteen surviving wives who had lived with him; the six surviving non-conjugal wives were not mentioned in the will. The Mountain Meadows Massacre victimized several groups of emigrants from the northwestern Arkansas region who had started their treks to California in early 1857, joining along the way and becoming known as the BakerFancher party. He also helped to convince Hyrum to accept polygamy. [167][168][169] There is also evidence to suggest Young believed in the racial superiority of white men. As a church leader, Brigham Young stood in marked contrast to his predecessor, the charismatic, idealistic, and theologically innovative Joseph Smith. [170] His manuscript history from January 5, 1852, which was published in the Deseret News, reads: The negro . Young, himself, was subjected to house arrest for several weeks in 1872 and jailed briefly in March 1875. [171], On this topic, Young wrote: "They have not wisdom to act like white men. Brigham Young to Isaac C. Haight, 10 September 1857, Letterpress Copybook 3:82728, Brigham Young Office Files, LDS Church Archives. Florence Claxton's graphic novel, The Adventures of a Woman in Search of Her Rights (1872), satirizes a would-be emancipated woman whose failure to establish an independent career results in her marriage to Young before she wakes to discover she's been dreaming. When asked to comment on the story, which had, "provoked the animosity of the Mormon faithful", Doyle noted, "all I said about the Danite Band and the murders is historical so I cannot withdraw that though it is likely that in a work of fiction it is stated more luridly than in a work of history." "[20], When Young sent his report on the massacre to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs in 1858, he said that it was the work of Native Americans.[21]. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 3 (Fall 1987), pp. Within months, Harris and the others departed their Utah appointments without replacements being named, and their posts remained unfilled for the next two years. The Utah Territory was created by Congress as part of the Compromise of 1850, and as colonizer and founder of Salt Lake City, Young was appointed the territory's first governor and superintendent of American Indian affairs by President Millard Fillmore on February 3, 1851. [67], Before departing Nauvoo, Young focused on completing the Nauvoo temple. [56][57], In 1844, Young travelled east again to solicit votes for Joseph Smith in his presidential campaign. "Two missionaries of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, serving in the Colombia Cali mission were the victims of a robbery and assault. The affidavit was created at John C. Bennett's request, after his excommunication and in conjunction with his distribution of false information combined with true information about the church's practice of polygamy. [106] The Young Women organization was first called the Retrenchment Association, and was intended to promote the turning of young girls away from the costly and extravagant ways of the world. [16] In 1831, five missionaries of the Latter Day Saint movementEleazer Miller, Elial Strong, Alpheus Gifford, Enos Curtis, and Daniel Bowencame from the branch of the church in Columbia, Pennsylvania to preach in Mendon. [31][32] In August 1835, Young and the rest of the Quorum of the Twelve issued a testimony in support of the divine origin of the Doctrine and Covenants. Researchers compared young heart attack victims (<50 years vs. 40) using patient angiograms, a procedure that uses X-rays to see the heart's blood vessels and arteries. 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