The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber) Give Me Liberty! These more basic causes of war include population change and environmental change. (2011). Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. Ashton, A. Veterans with PTSD often end up with problems in their marriages or other relationships and are more likely to commit violence against their spouses or partners. National Priorities Project. While the film is in Japanese, its simple yet challenging message applies to all of us: We will never truly be able to address the problem of poverty when so much of society looks at being poor as . The Nation. If warlike tendencies were part of human genetic heritage, these convictions would not exist. Martinez, L., & Bingham, A. (2011). As a result, and despite the fact that endeavors to reward labor for its wartime cooperation were, in general, provisional, partial, and half-hearted, it was nonetheless the case that labor achieved some real gains (Halperin, 2004, p. 155). However, issues also affect higher education, and we examine a few of them here. These theorists advocate a reflective or issues-centered curriculum and often emphasize curricular attention to social problems. Fisman, R., & Miguel, E. (2010). Four decades later, questions of deceit were again raised after the United States began the war against Iraq because of its alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction. As Chapter 15 Population and the Environment discussed, population growth may lead to armed conflict of various types, including war, because growing populations need more food, water, and other resources. Choose one of the five social institutions. After World War II, the GI Bill helped millions of veterans to go to college and otherwise readjust to civilian life. These actions did destroy the countryside, but they also destroyed humans. More than 20,000 nuclear warheads now exist; 4,800 are operational and almost 2,000 (held by the United States and Russia) are on high alert, ready to be used at any time (Federation of American Scientists, 2011). Once they were evacuated, their villages were designated free fire zones, and then often bombed indiscriminately once again, killing any villagers who managed to remain in these zones despite the evacuations. One major problem in this research literature is that different studies use different definitions and measures of sexual assault. A fifth and related group is composed of social reconstructionists or critical pedagogues, who cast social studies in schools in a leading role in the Many antiwar protests in the United States focused on the civilian suffering from napalm. Nuclear weapons overview. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. (2011, June 17). Korb, L. J., Rothman, A., & Hoffman, M. (2012). (2012, February 18). Job numbers are up, but veterans are left behind. (2011). For every 100,000 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans who receive health care from the Veterans Administration, 38 have killed themselves. In this manner, a genetic tendency for physical aggression and warfare developed and thus still exists today. Betrayal in the Ranks. The more they spend on their military (guns), the less they can spend on food for their poor and other domestic needs (butter). This type of research accelerated, however, after several scandals involving sexual assault and harassment occurred during the 1990s on military bases and at military academies. Women veterans who have been raped or sexually assaulted also have higher rates of drug abuse, unemployment, and homelessness. To illustrate this trend, compare two periods of history (Pinker, 2012). Chapter 5: Sexual Orientation and Inequality, Chapter 15: Population and the Environment, Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars, http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/american%20war%20casualty.htm, http://web.archive.org/web/20070711050249/http://www.cwc.lsu.edu/other/stats/warcost.htm, http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/20/recounting-the-dead, http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-veterans-numbers/story?id=14928136#1, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Army_51817_ BAGHDAD_-_Iraqi_Soldiers,_with_the_6th_IA_Division,_ familiarize_themselves_with_their_targets_and_prepare_ for_a_PKC_machine_gun_range_at_Combat _Outpost_402,_here,_Sept._28._In_addition_to_ marksmanship.jpg, Chapter 15 Population and the Environment, Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:First_F-35C_Flight.ogv, http://bangordailynews.com/2011/07/22/health/children-of-deployed-troops-struggle-researchers-find, http://www.timesleader.com/stories/A-concerted-effort-needed-to-help-homeless-veterans-COMMENTARY-STATE-SEN- LISA-BAKER,89325?search_filter=A+concerted+effort+needed+to+help+homeless +veterans &town_id=1&sub_type=stories, http://www.cfr.org/defense-policy-and-budget/slashing-americas-defense-suicidal-trajectory/p26989, http://defensenewsstand.com/NewsStand-General/The-INSIDER-Free-Article/dod-new-nuclear-subs-will-cost-347-billion-to-acquire-operate/menu-id-720.html, http://www.history.navy.mil/wars/foabroad.htm, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/military-preparedness-does-not-come-cheap/2012/02/05/gIQA5PLfsQ_story.html, http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/nukestatus.html, http://fcnl.org/assets/flyer/taxchart11.pdf, http://business.time.com/2012/02/07/why-we-should-help-veterans-start-their-own-businesses/, http://www.denverpost.com/Stories/0,0,36%257E30137%257E,00.html, http://www.alternet.org/world/151337/are_we_giant_suckers_while_the_us_blows_money_on_the_military,_europe _spends_dough_on_social_programs, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/war_stories/2012/02/_2013_pentagon_budget_why_so_much_spending_on_big_war_weapons_.html, http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-veterans-numbers/story?id=14928136#14928131, http://www.america.gov/st/diversity-english/2008/February/20080225120859liameruoy0.9820215.html, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/obamas-damaging-blow-to-our-military/2012/01/12/gIQA3eMhuP_story.html, http://costofwar.com/en/tradeoffs/state/CA/program/11/tradeoff/0, http://www.globalissues.org/issue/73/arms-trade-a-major-cause-of-suffering, http://www.voanews.com/english/news/usa/Public-Private-Organizations-Work-to-Help-Thousands-of-Homeless-Veterans-in-NY- 139520143.html, http://servicewomen.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Rape-Sexual-Assault-and-Sexual-Harassment-in-the-Military.pdf, http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear_weapons_and_global_security/nuclear_weapons/technical_issues/nuclear-weapons-overview.html, http://www.thenation.com/blog/161378/around-globe-us-military-bases-generate-resentment-not-security, http://www.vvaw.org/veteran/article/?id=823, https://www.warresisters.org/sites/default/files/FY2012piechart-color.pdf, http://www.thenation.com/blog/165487/job-numbers-are-veterans-are-left-behind, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. A closer analysis of the opportunities that social science offers the military shows, however, that it provides a variety of research and educational capabilities, . After they did so, US ground troops shot them and left a pile of dead bodies that included twenty-one children. Women veterans who are raped or sexually assaulted often suffer PTSD. The Washington Post. War also has impact beyond the consequences for civilians and veterans. The structural approach was soon bolstered by Kenneth Waltz's neorealist Theory of International Politics (1979), and reinforced 20 years later on a different front by Alexander . Daedalus, 133(4), 2535. This episode of Social Science of War examines a range of issues related to Army talent managementfrom the ways in which service in the Army impacts a soldier's earning potential to how the Army is responding to its current recruiting crisis. Wells, T. (1994). Cost equivalencies illustrate what is lost when so much money is spent on the military, especially on weapons systems that do not work and are not needed. . The 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, in which Congress authorized President Lyndon Johnson to wage an undeclared war in Vietnam, was passed after North Vietnamese torpedo boats allegedly attacked US ships. Combining data on both types of exports, the United States sent $12.2 billion in arms deliveries to other nations in 2010. They add that the exports often go to nations ruled by dictators, who then use them to threaten their own people (Feinstein, 2011; Shah, 2011). History shows that when these resources become too scarce within a society, that society is more likely to go to war to wrest these resources from another society (Gleditsch & Theisen, 2010). A central part of US military strategy in Vietnam involved destroying rice fields and the rest of the countryside to make it difficult for the Vietcong forces to engage in guerrilla warfare. . Wrangham, R. W. (2004). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Indeed, the Marcums situation is far from rare among the families of the 2 million veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Most of these victims were civilians, and most of these civilian deaths were the result of actions by the United States and its allies. AlterNet. As one scholar said of the military bases, It makes as much sense for the Pentagon to hold onto 227 military bases in Germany as it would for the post office to maintain a fleet of horses and buggies (vanden Heuvel, 2011). If warfare is not biological in origin, then it is best understood as a social phenomenon, one that has its roots in the decisions of political and military officials. The suicide rate of the general population is only 11.3 deaths per 100,000 population. Planes sprayed and bombed these chemicals. All these killings were outright slaughter. Since Arias wrote these words, the United States has spent more than $5.5 trillion on defense outlays in constant dollars (see Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010), including $1.3 trillion on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Use the reading about social institutions in India to identify two social science issues that could be researched Although the truce later dissolved and labor-management conflict resumed, labor eventually won some limited rights thanks partly to its support for the war. A related problem is suicide. There is the natural fear that loved ones will never return from their overseas involvement in armed conflict. Image courtesy of Sgt. Retrieved from http://www.history.navy.mil/wars/foabroad.htm. Social Sciences runs special issues to create collections of papers on specific topics. Although 55 million is more than 40 million, the worlds population in the thirteenth century was only one-seventh its population during the World War II period. To be blunt, American troops simply shot untold hundreds of Korean and Vietnamese civilians in cold blood. We need to confront them to ensure equal treatment for everyone. What it means to be a democrat. Voice of America News. Their unemployment rate was 13.1 percent in December 2011, compared to only 8.5 percent for the general public; the unemployment rate for veterans ages 2024 was near 30 percent (Dewan, 2011; Zornick, 2012). That is the good news and the cause for hope. ABC News. The sociology of war is a subfield of sociology that focuses on the macro-level patterns of war making, how societies engage in warfare, the meaning that war has in society, and the relationship between state structure and war making. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15, 267277. This same yearly amount could have paid for one years worth (California cost figures) of all of the following (National Priorities Project, 2012): All these figures demonstrate that war and preparation for war indeed have a heavy human cost, not only in the numbers of dead and wounded, but also in the diversion of funds from important social functions and needs. Researchers found that acceptance and support from community and family may lessen the toll of mental health conditions experienced by former child soldiers. Dao, J. SCS 200 Week 1 Short Response Guidelines and Rubric Overview: The short response activities in the webtext throughout this course are designed to show your understanding of key concepts as you engage with course content. However, the calculation for this statement excludes the additional military expenses just discussed, and it uses a misleading measure of federal spending. ABSTRACT This essay examines ways in which American social science in the late twentieth century wasand was nota creature of the Cold War. Hartung, W. D. (2012). Tirman, J. McKeon, H. P. B. Second, the government states that defense outlays accounted for almost 20 percent of federal spending in 2011 (US Census Bureau, 2012). Retrieved February 17, 2012, from http://www.globalissues.org/issue/73/arms-trade-a-major-cause-of-suffering. Spend Time on Research You should always look for academically proved and reliable sources that you can cite in your essay. Special Issues are led by Guest Editors who are experts in the subject and oversee the editorial process for papers. Tirman notes that approximately 6 million civilians and soldiers died in the Korean, Vietnam/Indochina, Iraq, and Afghanistan wars. The high unemployment rate of the Iraq and Afghanistan veterans has made this need even more urgent. It soon became the biggest social and economical problem for the whole world. When one woman who was raped by two soldiers in Iraq told her commander, he threatened her with a charge of adultery because she was married (Speier, 2012). Social Problems by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Bumiller, E. (2010, July 25). Choose one of the five social institutions. Cross) Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham) The minimum estimate almost matches the number of American deaths in all the other wars the United States has fought, and the maximum estimate greatly exceeds this number (see Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars). Kaplan, F. (2012, February 13). For example, the F-35 fighter aircraft has been plagued with management problems, huge cost-overruns, [and] substantial performance shortfalls, according to a recent news report (Kaplan, 2012). Nuclear war is no longer a two-player game, as it largely was during the cold war, with the U.S. and NATO facing off against the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact. However, other scientists dispute the evolutionary explanation for several reasons (Begley, 2009). War Resisters League. Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010. An unknown number of civilians were burned severely or, if they were lucky, died. The study involved child soldiers who participated in Sierra . As discussed earlier, President Eisenhower eloquently warned about the influence of the US military and the size of the military budget. Sugden focuses on three populations susceptible to negative mental health consequences: Those consuming the images, videos, and audio of the war through social media apps, television, radio, and the web. Herdy, A., & Moffeit, M. (2004). They are also more likely to engage in drug use and binge drinking. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. (2011). Families of deployed troops also face many difficulties. : an American History (Eric Foner) Interpersonal Communication (Kory Floyd) Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. When the war began, a sort of truce developed between management and labor, as workers wanted to appear patriotic by supporting the war effort and hoped that they would win important labor rights for doing so. Other experts echo President Eisenhowers concern over the size of the military budget (Bacevich, 2011; Korb, Rothman, & Hoffman, 2012; Lochhead, 2012; Wheeler, 2009). (1971). Although war is a social phenomenon arising from decisions of political and military officials, other phenomena can make it more likely that these officials will decide to go to war. As historians and political scientists have often described, wars have a significant economic and political impact. This fear can take a psychological toll on all members of these families, but perhaps especially on children. Although the causes of World War II are complex, Hitlers effort to conquer much of Europe stemmed at least partly from his belief that Aryans (Germans and other Europeans with blond hair and blue eyes) were a superior species and non-Aryans were an inferior species (Bess, 2008). But many observers say that the United States has neglected the veterans of later wars. Several years later, she was still having many health problems and could not forget what happened to her. As these numbers make clear, military personnel who commit rape and sexual assault almost always avoid any punishment. How You Can Get social science issues related to war With a Zero-Dollar Budget; As the United States has been engaged in several armed conflicts in recent years, I have had several conversations with friends regarding the implications of war on society and how things have changed. To quote the title of a recent report, military spending is a poor job creator (Hartung, 2012). Identify two social science issues related to war. (2011, November 11). In 2011, military spending (defense outlays by the Department of Defense and certain other agencies; outlays include costs for the Iraq and Afghanistan wars) according to the government was approximately $768 billion. Question DescriptionIdentify two social science issues related to war. New York, NY: Vintage Books. New York Times, p. A1. Second, members of Congress fear being labeled weak on defense if they try to reduce the military budget or do not agree to new weapons systems requested by the Pentagon. Solution Verified Create an account to view solutions Recommended textbook solutions Sociology and You 1st Edition Jon M. Shepard, Robert W. Greene 713 solutions Sociology and You 1st Edition Jon M. Shepard, Robert W. Greene 750 solutions As just one example of such waste, a 2011 federal audit found that cost overruns over the prior two years had added at least $70 billion to projected costs of various weapons systems (Drew, 2011). Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. A quick calculation shows that about 11 percent of the worlds population died from the Mongolian wars, while 2 percent died from World War II. New York Times, p. A12. Pollin, R., & Garrett-Peltier, H. (2011). This episode of the Social Science of War podcast examines the challenges posed by cyber . 1. 1). End of US military segregation set stage for rights movement. Critics say these exports help fuel the worldwide arms race and international discord. Week 1 Question 7 Identify two social science issues related toeducation. Veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan War have a higher suicide rate than that of the general public. What do you think is the worst problem that veterans have faced in returning from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan? Gleditsch, N. P., & Theisen, O. M. (2010). ABC News. Gerber, S. (2012, February 7). Danner, M. (2006). Conventional arms transfers to developing nations, 20032010. The trend continued in 2013, when we funded seven projects. Napalm is a very flammable jellylike substance made out of gasoline, soap, and white phosphorous. Second, the world today is a much more dangerous place than in the past because of the existence of nuclear weapons. Analysis of the FY2012 defense budget. Human and human social systems are matter. To do so, it routinely deployed chemical weapons such as Agent Orange (dioxin, a known carcinogen), napalm, and white phosphorous. England, G. (2012, February 5). The aim is to build a community of authors and readers to discuss the latest research and develop new ideas and research directions. social science, any branch of academic study or science that deals with human behaviour in its social and cultural aspects. Resources, the environment, and conflict. It includes a range of topics on social science and humanities, such as history, culture, geography, sociology, education, etc. Many came back addicted to heroin and other drugs, many were unemployed, and many became homeless. Unwarranted Influence: Dwight D. Eisenhower and the military-industrial complex. SOC SCI 132. Leitenberg, M. (2006). Source: First F-35C Flight, Wikipedia, Last modified on November 20, 2011, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:First_F-35C_Flight.ogv. In addition, half of American children need food stamps at some time before becoming adults, while this problem is far rarer in Europe. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. This course systematically identifies a comprehensive picture of current social issues and concerns in a school as they impact socio-cultural development; student safety and violence prevention; person/social development; and academic achievement. It . Joshua Risner, US Army, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Army_51817_ BAGHDAD_-_Iraqi_Soldiers,_with_the_6th_IA_Division,_ familiarize_themselves_with_their_targets_and_prepare_ for_a_PKC_machine_gun_range_at_Combat _Outpost_402,_here,_Sept._28._In_addition_to_ marksmanship.jpg. Women veterans face a special problem that most male veterans do not have to fear. The Second World War triggered a series of rapid and far-reaching social changes in Newfoundland and Labrador. The better angels of our nature: Why violence has declined. A concerted effort needed to help homeless veterans. Each submarine is projected to cost more than $8 billion to build and another $21 billion in constant dollars in operation and maintenance costs over its lifetime (Castelli, 2012). 2023 World War II-style rationing could be an effective way to reduce carbon . There are many social and ethical issues surrounding the use and abuse of drugs. Protesters at Dow Chemicals New York office carried signs that said, Napalm Burns Babies, Dow Makes Money.. Bikeshedding Bikeshedding is the tendency for groups to focus on solving trivial problems while neglecting larger problems. (2012). The samples are almost entirely of women, given their higher risk of being sexually assaulted. New York, NY: Penguin. War and social change in modern Europe: The great transformation revisited. First, war, terrorism, genocide, and other armed conflicts do continue. Choose one of the five social institutions. Russia ranked second with $5.3 billion in arms deliveries, while Germany ranked third with $2.6 billion (Grimmett, 2011). When these costs are taken into account, the total 2011 military budget ranged between an estimated $1.2 trillion and $1.4 trillion (Friends Committee on National Legislation, 2012; War Resisters League, 2012). The social science research informs everything from national security to technology development to healthcare and economic management. Stalsburg, B. L. (2011). The United States, of course, began with the colonial war against England. As its name implies, mandatory spending is required by various laws and includes such things as Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid, and interest payments on the national debt. Are we giant suckers? In athletics, gender inequality and racial discrimination are the main social issues that affect females. Many of the social problems in society are connected in subtle ways, but all social problems are connected to the leadership of countries, corporations, and other groups. Pew Research Center. SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment Identify two social science issues related to war. Future research will no doubt build on existing studies to further illuminate this significant problem. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-veterans-numbers/story?id=14928136#1. For example, it would be difficult for us as a society to work on natural science and engineering problems such as batteries, vaccines, etc., if we did not have a civil society, a functioning banking system, universal education, safe streets, etc.and all of these are social problems, not natural science problems. Their poverty forced many of these women to turn to prostitution to earn an income, resulting in a rise in prostitution after the war (Rafter, 1990). Health care expenses for survivors amount to almost $1 billion annually, and the cost of prosecution amounts to $19 million annually (Stalsburg, 2011). Federation of American Scientists. The document you are viewing contains questions related to this textbook. US veterans: By the numbers. Some think the United States needs to maintain and in fact increase its level of military spending, even with the Cold War long ended, to replace aging weapons systems, to meet the threat posed by terrorists and by rogue nations such as Iran, and to respond to various other trouble spots around the world. Reflecting on these findings, an author of the study said, Its really time to focus on the children that are left behind (Ashton, 2011). for the social science issues related to war, the first thing that comes to mind is the effect on the families. Critics also argue that military spending actually produces fewer jobs than spending in other sectors (Ledbetter, 2011). Scholar John Tirman worries that Americans have generally ignored the civilian victims of US wars. The wealthy European countries that compose the bulk of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), an international consortium, spend 2.5 percent of their total economy (gross domestic product, or GDP) on their militaries. First, it excludes several military-related costs such as veterans benefits and interest on the national debt from past military spending. In Vietnam, Tirman writes, American troops and planes routinely razed villages to the ground, killing villagers indiscriminately, and then evacuated any survivors. New York Times. Key features include: April missed the man she used to know: The biggest loss is the loss of the man I married. The social sciences are concerned with the study of human society and with the relationship of individuals in, and to, society. (2011). The following are common examples of a social issue. Defense outlays rose by 85 percent beyond inflation between 2000 and 2011. The primary mode of research involved survey questionnaires given anonymously to samples, many of them random, of military members. San Francisco Chronicle, p. A6. Arias, O. Drew, C. (2011, March 30). Poverty, discrimination, and addiction are examples of such problems. Retrieved from http://fcnl.org/assets/flyer/taxchart11.pdf. The first is the thirteenth century, when the Mongol Empire under the initial leadership of Genghis Khan became an empire in Asia and Eastern Europe through wars and conquest in which it killed 40 million people. Sometimes, as with the US entrance into World War II after Pearl Harbor, these decisions are sincere and based on a perceived necessity to defend a nations people and resources, and sometimes these decisions are based on cynicism and deceit (Solomon, 2006). This latter fact needs some explanation. These issues are made complex particularly because of conflicting values concerning drug use within modern societies. Zornick, G. (2012, January 6). The National Guard New York National Guard CC BY 2.0. Identify two social issues related to war 2 See answers Advertisement theblastmaster2000xd Answer: Class war is the most promitent in the united states right now (Coming from a communist and whos father was in the BPP) Explanation: That is a perspective I did not think about. Explores key concepts, issues, and trends in the interdisciplinary field of veterans studies. War is a social phenomenon in which a mixture of motives underlies decisions to go to war. Rafter, N. H. (1990). This includes current problems and risks that represent a probability of future problems. Much of these mandatory expenses are funded by trust funds, such as Social Security taxes, which are raised and spent separately from income taxes. Military spending: A poor job creator. Social Issues in Sports & Activities: Athletics. It is a tremendously important branch of research that examines what it means to be a social being, how individuals function together as organized groups and societies, and how they interact with each other on issues of common interest. Grimmett, R. E. (2011). Inevitably, Vietnamese civilians were in the path of the fireballs generated by the US and South Vietnamese militaries. In addition to psychological and physiological trauma, rape and sexual assault impose huge economic costs on the military because of medical expenses for helping survivors and for prosecuting their rapists. Outline both sides to the debate over the size of the US military budget. Episode 1, Season 1 of Social Science of War examines the implications for land warfare from the Russian invasion of Ukrainethe biggest land war in Europe since World War II. The US employment effects of military and domestic spending priorities: 2011 update. The nation rightly grieved these deaths when they occurred and built monuments, such as the Korean and Vietnam veterans memorials in Washington, DC, that list the names of the dead. In terms of the risk of dying in war, then, the Mongolian wars were five times more deadly than World War II. Retrieved from http://www.timesleader.com/stories/A-concerted-effort-needed-to-help-homeless-veterans-COMMENTARY-STATE-SEN- LISA-BAKER,89325?search_filter=A+concerted+effort+needed+to+help+homeless +veterans &town_id=1&sub_type=stories. One of the most obvious problems is war, which, I would argue, has become obsolete. APA 950 words Get instant access to the full solution from by clicking the purchase button below $12.00 Added to cart Related Questions: Watch this clip from the popular TV show Adam Ruins Everything titled The Secret Reason Weed is Illegal . The risk of being sexually assaulted often suffer PTSD problem for the social science issues Assignment Identify two science! 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