Because some substitute materials may have their own unique hazards, the MSDS for the substitute material should be consulted before it is used. 0000023219 00000 n Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by This heat separates the substrate, which is subsequently scraped off with a putty knife or similar tool. These controls focus on the source of the hazard, unlike other types of controls that generally focus on the employee exposed to the hazard. 0000004482 00000 n When the sponge is dampened, it can help reduce the amount of dust generated without unduly wetting the surface. A lead metal sheath is then slipped over the connection and the ends are sealed with molten lead. Each biosafety level has its own specific containment controls that are required for the following: is, in fact, the velocity profile. A variety of heads are available to achieve a tight seal for inside corners, outside corners, and flat surfaces. Filtered materials as well as other waste and debris should be placed in appropriately labeled, 6-mil plastic bags or sealed containers suitable for the transport of lead waste, and stored in a secure area pending disposal in accordance with State and/or local requirements. Effective substitutes reduce the potential for harmful effects and do not create new risks. /T1_1 8 0 R /T1_5 17 0 R In certain applications such as abatement in buildings, wet methods can significantly reduce the generation of lead-containing dust in the work area. Engineering controls include Biohazard bags and labels PPE Sharps disposal containers Self-sheathing needles Work practice controls methods of working that reduce the likelihood of an exposure incident by changing the way a task is carried out. Examples of engineering controls include installing guardrails to prevent falls, limiting exposure to hazardous chemicals via ventilation, using portable air conditioners to combat heat stress and installing noise absorption panels to dampen high noise levels. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. 0000016455 00000 n Interlock systems for lasers and machinery are other good examples of isolating processes. Brazing operations usually occur at temperatures in excess of 800F. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. The NIOSHEngineering Controls Database has examples of published engineering control research findings. /T1_2 8 0 R In pharmaceutical compounding, the term "primary engineering control" usually refers to a device used to reduce the number of airborne particles and microorganisms in the compounding suite by channeling filtered unidirectional high-efficiency particulate air into areas that must be as contaminant free as possible. Certain lead-related construction tasks commonly produce exposures above the PEL and often orders of magnitude above the PEL. Safe Working Platform: Qualities & Safety Tips, Workplace Accident; Prevention, How To Sue & How To Get A Lawyer, Engineering Controls: Definition and Examples, Warning Sign Meaning, Importance & Examples , Isolating workers from chemicals (eg, Using a self-contained lube station), Enclosing high risk operations in sealed areas (eg, Sealing off an area that is only opened during maintenance and cleaning), Extractingcontaminants from the breathing zone of workers (eg, Installing a Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) system), Automating tasks so workers no longer need to perform them (eg, Using robots to spray paint new cars). 0000003721 00000 n Recommended/feasible engineering controls (e.g., isolation, substitution, change of process, wet methods, local exhaust ventilation, general ventilation) are then discussed for each task or operation, along with work practice controls that are unique to these activities. Vacuum Blasting Lead-Based Paint Structures. 0000003017 00000 n Workers perform this work in relatively confined areas (such as an attic) or in an open bay structure. All exhaust systems and vacuum equipment must be equipped with HEPA filters. Lead dust on overhead ledges, equipment, floors, and other surfaces must be removed to prevent traffic, vibration, or random air currents from re-entraining the lead-laden dust and making it airborne again. These are devices that isolate or remove the blood-borne pathogens hazard from the workplace. Remove wallboard by cutting it into large pieces/sections with a carpet knife or shrouded saw with HEPA vacuum attachment. Examples of work practice controls Please contact our Premier GPO project manager at 1-800-418-9289 for consultation on our Primary Engineering Control Devices. Engineering controls protect workers by removing hazardous conditions or by placing a barrier between the worker and the hazard. Health Hazard Evaluation Report. Finally, a wet-vac system is used to clean the surface, although hard-to-reach areas may not be accessible to the vacuum. (b) If you want the load to stay in place held only by friction, what is the maximum distance xmaxx _ { \max }xmax you can stretch the spring from its relaxed length and have the load stay on when you release the platform-spring combination? Structures that are typically cleaned by open abrasive blasting are bridges, tanks and towers, locks and dams, pipe racks, pressure vessels and process equipment, supporting steel, and metal buildings. Productivity can be high with this method if the objective is to remove only loose, flaky paint. Lead burning, a process by which virgin or alloyed lead is melted with a torch or otherwise fused to another lead object, is typically performed in maintenance operations on electrostatic precipitators or during the installation of lead shot, bricks, or sheets in the walls or floors of health-care x-ray units or industrial sites. Use of ventilation system like fume hoods, snorkels, etc. Summary of Secondary Engineering Controls Required for Each Classification of Compounded Sterile Preparation (CSP) Type of CSP per USP Chapter <797> ISO Class Requirement Segregated Compound- Smith, Michael Abbott. A fume-extractor gun that removes fumes from the point of generation (Figure V:3-3) is an alternative to an exhaust hood for gas-shielded arc-welding processes. The vacuum system and brushes obscure the blast surface, and some areas may therefore need to be blasted repeatedly because they are missed on the first or second pass. They are useful when employers are in the process of implementing other control methods from the hierarchy. /GS0 13 0 R Lint free towels or wipes are to be used to wipe the surface of the PEC. /ExtGState << Economic Analysis of OSHA's Interim Final Standard for Lead in Construction. Blowing with compressed air is generally prohibited as a cleaning method, unless the compressed air is used in conjunction with a ventilation system that is designed to capture the airborne dust created by the compressed air (e.g. Keep shroud flush with the surface during cleaning. Engineering controls besides the fume hood include compressed gas cabinets, vented storage cabinets, and local exhaust ventilation (LEV) such as capture hoods (canopy and slot) and snorkels, which capture and entrain chemical vapors, fumes, and dusts at the point of generation. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has therefore recommended since 1974 that silica sand (or other substances containing more than 1% crystalline silica) be prohibited as abrasive blasting material. needle guns) with vacuum attachments, etc. Standard engineering controls in BSL-1 laboratories include easily cleaned surfaces that are able to withstand the basic chemicals used in the laboratory. Mechanical scrapers, a vacuum system, or pressurized water are then used to remove the product and the stripped paint. 0000003873 00000 n the continuous-flow respirators) should be used only for abrasive blast operations where the abrasive materials do not include silica sand and the level of contaminant in the ambient air does not exceed 25 or 50 times the recommended exposure limit, respectively. The sodium bicarbonate will not remove paint, rust, and mill scale as efficiently as sand or slag abrasives. Notice to All Users of Type CE, Abrasive-Blast Supplied-Air Respirators. The abrasive medium, generally steel shot/grit, sand, or slag, is propelled through a hose by compressed air. Using engineering controls as the next best line of defense. J-9-F-1-0011. /Font << Containment primary engineering controls AKA a hood, BSC, CACI, etc define containment primary engineering control (C-PEC) a ventilated device designed to minimize HD exposure to environment and personnel when directly handling HDs C-SEC stands for. Premier is a healthcare alliance entirely owned by more than 200 of the nation's leading not-for-profit hospitals . Abrasives used for injection include sand and slag materials, as well as soluble abrasives such as sodium bicarbonate. By directing a worker to position the exhaust hood properly or to improve work practice, such as standing to the side or upwind of the cutting torch to avoid the smoke plume, a supervisor can do much to minimize unnecessary employee exposure to airborne contaminants. Direct manipulation takes place using rubber sleeves and gloves attached with gas-tight ports, Specifically designed for compounding The lead exposure of this group of workers can be caused either by the activities of their co-workers or their own work-related activities. /GS0 13 0 R Full containment refers to a relatively tight enclosure (with tarps that are generally impermeable and fully sealed joints and entryways) where minimal or no fugitive emissions are expected to reach the outside environment. Occupational Safety & Health Administration. It is more time-consuming than conventional open abrasive blasting because the abrasive blast nozzle must be smaller to be able to capture the ricocheting abrasive and dust. Bags and containers must be labeled to indicate that they contain lead-containing waste. All workplace surfaces must be maintained as free as practicable of accumulations of lead dust. 0000017297 00000 n Because of the water, little dust is generated. /Version /1.4 0000013559 00000 n NIOSH Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Lead Poisoning in Construction Workers. Calculate the mass, in grams, of $\mathrm{NaCl}$ present in $54.3 \mathrm{~g}$ of $0.91 \% \mathrm{NaCl}$ solution. Engineering controls, when feasible, are considered the first line of defense for avoiding exposure to bloodborne pathogens. This process is repeated several times until the metal is too cold to pour. Encapsulation refers to processes that makes lead paint inaccessible by covering or sealing the lead-painted surfaces. The health hazards encountered are generated by lead fumes released into the air during the heating process and lead particulates created during the scraping process. 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